在Linux系统中,有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件,比如CPU、内存,一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。 这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用,包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。 1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息03 | CPU op -mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit |
04 | Byte Order: Little Endian |
11 | Vendor ID: GenuineIntel |
18 | Virtualization type : full |
2. lshw显示硬件信息表这个命令应用普遍,它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数:CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等,本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。 按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具,然后就可以使用了。 1 | wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14. tar .gz |
2 | tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14. tar .gz |
示例:
01 | [root@devops lshw-B.02.14] |
02 | H/W path Device Class Description |
03 | ===================================================== |
07 | /0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz |
08 | /0/2 memory System Memory |
09 | /0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM |
10 | /0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM |
13 | /0/5 memory System Memory |
16 | /0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] |
17 | /0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] |
18 | /0/100/1.1 scsi1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] |
19 | /0/100/1.1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom1 disk SCSI CD-ROM |
20 | /0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] |
21 | /0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller |
22 | /0/100/1.2/1/2 input QEMU USB Tablet |
23 | /0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI |
24 | /0/100/2 display GD 5446 |
25 | /0/100/3 generic Xen Platform Device |
26 | /1 eth0 network Ethernet interface |
27 | /2 eth1 network Ethernet interface |
28 | [root@devops lshw-B.02.14] |
3. hwinfo-硬件信息hwinfo类似于lshw,也能查询硬件信息,且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息,但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。 默认情况下,Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具,所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装: CentOS 6 CentOS 5 02 | Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm |
03 | warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY |
07 | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror |
08 | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile |
09 | * base: mirrors.aliyun.com |
10 | * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com |
11 | * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com |
21 | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror |
22 | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile |
23 | * base: mirrors.aliyun.com |
24 | * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com |
25 | * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com |
33 | hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6 |
02 | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror |
03 | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile |
04 | * base: mirrors.aliyun.com |
05 | * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com |
06 | * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com |
07 | Setting up Install Process |
09 | --> Running transaction check |
10 | ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed |
示例: 05 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz |
07 | /dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard |
08 | /dev/ttyS0 serial console |
10 | /dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet |
11 | /dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation |
12 | /dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse |
16 | Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] |
21 | eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0 |
22 | eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1 |
24 | lo Loopback network interface |
25 | eth0 Ethernet network interface |
26 | eth1 Ethernet network interface |
36 | Qumranet Qemu virtual machine |
40 | Qumranet Qemu virtual machine |
41 | Qumranet Qemu virtual machine |
42 | Qumranet Qemu virtual machine |
44 | Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller |
53 | XenSource Xen Platform Device |
4. lspcilsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息,比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分,所以在安装lspci之前,你需要安装pciutils包。 安装pciutils包使用下面的命令: 02 | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror |
03 | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile |
04 | * base: mirrors.aliyun.com |
05 | * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com |
06 | * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com |
07 | Setting up Install Process |
09 | --> Running transaction check |
10 | ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed |
11 | --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 |
12 | --> Running transaction check |
13 | ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated |
14 | ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update |
15 | --> Finished Dependency Resolution |
20 | pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 |
23 | Updating for dependencies: |
24 | pciutils-libs x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 |
31 | pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 |
示例:
2 | 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) |
3 | 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] |
4 | 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] |
5 | 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01) |
6 | 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01) |
7 | 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 |
8 | 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01) |
5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。 lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分,所以你需要按照如下命令安装: 02 | Loaded plugins: fastestmirror |
03 | Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile |
04 | * base: mirrors.aliyun.com |
05 | * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com |
06 | * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com |
07 | Setting up Install Process |
09 | --> Running transaction check |
10 | ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed |
11 | --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 |
12 | --> Running transaction check |
13 | ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed |
14 | --> Finished Dependency Resolution |
18 | ============================================ |
24 | ======================================================= |
27 | usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6 |
30 | Installing for dependencies: |
31 | libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 |
36 | ================================================================ |
41 | Total download size: 152 k |
45 | (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm |
48 | (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm |
51 | -------------------------------------------------------- |
57 | Running rpm_check_debug |
58 | Running Transaction Test |
59 | Transaction Test Succeeded |
61 | Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 |
64 | Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 |
67 | Verifying : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 |
70 | Verifying : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 |
75 | usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 |
78 | libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 |
示例: 2 | Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub |
3 | Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd |
6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息2 | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT |
4 | └─xvda1 202:1 0 20G 0 part / |
5 | xvdb 202:16 0 10G 0 disk |
6 | └─xvdb1 202:17 0 10G 0 part /alidata |
7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息,比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。 2 | [1:0:0:0] cd /dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 0.10 /dev/sr0 |
完毕!Enjoy this!
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